Kwinkqubo yokusika isinyithi, kuya kubakho izinto ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, izinto ezahlukeneyo zokubunjwa kwayo kunye neempawu zokususa zihluke, siziphatha njani iimpawu zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo?Izinto ezisemgangathweni ze-ISO zetsimbi zihlulwe zibe ngamaqela ahlukeneyo angama-6, ngalinye lineempawu ezikhethekileyo ngokubhekiselele kwi-machinability kwaye iya kushwankathelwa ngokwahlukileyo kweli nqaku.
Izinto zentsimbi zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezi-6:
(1) P-intsimbi
(2) Intsimbi ye-M-stainless
(3) K-intsimbi yentsimbi
(4) I-N- non-ferrous metal
(5) S- Ingxubevange yokumelana nobushushu
(6) H-intsimbi eqinile
Yintoni intsimbi?
- Insimbi liqela elikhulu lezinto ezibonakalayo kwintsimi yokusika isinyithi.
-Intsimbi inokuba yintsimbi engaqini okanye epholileyo (ubunzima ukuya kwi-400HB).
- Intsimbi yi-alloy enentsimbi (Fe) njengenxalenye yayo ephambili.Yenziwa ngenkqubo yokunyibilikisa.
- Insimbi engaxutywanga inomxholo wekhabhoni ongaphantsi kwe-0.8%, kuphela i-Fe kwaye ayikho enye i-alloying elements.
- Umxholo wekhabhoni wensimbi ye-alloy ingaphantsi kwe-1.7%, kunye nezinto ezixutywayo zongezwa, ezifana ne-Ni, Cr, Mo, V, W, njl.
- Umxholo wekhabhoni ephantsi = izinto ezinzima ze-viscous.
- Umxholo wekhabhoni ophezulu = izinto ezinqabileyo.
Iimpawu zokuqhubekekisa:
- Izinto zetshiphu ezinde.
- Ulawulo lwetshiphu lulula kwaye lugudile.
- Intsimbi ethambileyo incangathi kwaye ifuna ubukhali obubukhali.
- Iyunithi yokusika amandla kc: 1500 ~ 3100 N/mm².
- Amandla okusika kunye namandla afunekayo ukucubungula izinto ze-ISO P zingaphakathi kuluhlu olulinganiselwe lwamaxabiso.
Yintoni intsimbi engatyiwayo?
- Insimbi engenasici yi-alloy material ene-11% ~ 12% yechromium ubuncinane.
- Umxholo wekhabhoni uhlala uphantsi kakhulu (uphantsi njenge-0.01% Max).
- I-alloys ubukhulu becala i-Ni (nickel), i-Mo (molybdenum) kunye ne-Ti (titanium).
- Yenza umaleko oshinyeneyo we-Cr2O3 kumphezulu wentsimbi, uwenza uxhathise ukubola.
KwiQela M, uninzi lwezicelo kwi-oyile negesi, ukufakela imibhobho, iiflange, ukusetyenzwa kunye namashishini amayeza.
Izinto eziphathekayo zenza i-chips ezingaqhelekanga, ezinqabileyo kwaye zinamandla okusika aphezulu kunentsimbi eqhelekileyo.Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi engatyiwayo.I-chip breaking performance (ukusuka kulula ukuya phantse kungenakwenzeka ukuqhekeza iitshiphusi) iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ze-alloy kunye nonyango lobushushu.
Iimpawu zokuqhubekekisa:
- Izinto zetshiphu ezinde.
Ulawulo lweChip luhamba kakuhle kwi-ferrite kwaye lunzima ngakumbi kwi-austenite kunye ne-biphase.
- Amandla okusika iyunithi: 1800 ~ 2850 N/mm².
- Amandla aphezulu okusika, i-chip buildup, ubushushu kunye nomsebenzi wokuqina ngexesha lomatshini.
Yintoni intsimbi etyhidiweyo?
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zentsimbi: i-iron grey cast (GCI), i-nodular cast iron (NCI) kunye ne-vermicular cast iron (CGI).
- I-Cast iron iqulunqwe kakhulu yi-Fe-C, enomxholo ophezulu we-silicon (1% ~ 3%).
- Umxholo weCarbon ongaphezu kwe-2%, eyona nto i-solubility enkulu ye-C kwisigaba se-austenite.
- I-Cr (i-chromium), i-Mo (i-molybdenum) kunye ne-V (i-vanadium) yongezwa ukwenza i-carbides, ukwandisa amandla kunye nobunzima kodwa ukunciphisa ukucwangciswa.
Iqela K lisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiindawo zemoto, ukwenziwa koomatshini kunye nokwenza intsimbi.
Ukwenziwa kwetshiphu yemathiriyeli kuyahluka, ukusuka kwiitshiphusi eziphantse zibe ngumgubo ukuya kwiitshiphusi ezinde.Amandla afunekayo ukucubungula eli qela lezinto eziphathekayo ngokuqhelekileyo lincinci.
Qaphela ukuba kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwentsimbi engwevu (ehlala ineetshiphusi eziphantse zibe ngumgubo) kunye nentsimbi ephothiweyo, ekwaphuka kwetshiphu kwiimeko ezininzi kufana kakhulu nentsimbi.
Iimpawu zokuqhubekekisa:
- Imathiriyeli yetshiphu emfutshane.
- Ulawulo oluhle lwe-chip kuzo zonke iimeko zokusebenza.
- Amandla okusika iyunithi: 790 ~ 1350 N/mm².
- Ukunxitywa kwe-abrasive kwenzeka xa kusetyenzwa ngesantya esiphezulu.
- Amandla okusika aphakathi.
Zeziphi izinto ezingeyontsimbi?
- Olu luhlu luqulethe isinyithi esingenawo i-ferrous, iintsimbi ezithambileyo ezinobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-130HB.
Ingxubevange yesinyithi (i-Al) ephantse ibe yi-22% yesilicon (Si) yenza esona sabelo sikhulu.
- Ubhedu, ubhedu, ubhedu.
Abavelisi beenqwelomoya kunye nabavelisi bamavili emoto ye-aluminium alloy balawula iQela N.
Nangona amandla afunekayo nge-mm³ nganye (i-intshi ye-cubic) esezantsi, kuseyimfuneko ukubala awona mandla aphezulu afunekayo ukufumana isantya esiphezulu sokususa isinyithi.
Iimpawu zokuqhubekekisa:
- Izinto zetshiphu ezinde.
- Ukuba i-alloy, ulawulo lwetshiphu lulula.
- Iintsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous (Al) zinamathele kwaye zifuna ukusetyenziswa kweengqungquthela ezibukhali.
- Amandla okusika iyunithi: 350 ~ 700 N/mm².
- Amandla okusika kunye namandla afunekayo ukucubungula izinto ze-ISO N zingaphakathi kuluhlu olulinganiselwe lwamaxabiso.
Yintoni ingxubevange yokumelana nobushushu?
I-alloys ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu (HRSA) ibandakanya i-iron exutywe kakhulu, i-nickel, i-cobalt okanye imathiriyeli esekwe kwi-titanium.
- Iqela: Intsimbi, nickel, cobalt.
- Iimeko zokusebenza: annealing, unyango ubushushu isisombululo, unyango ukwaluphala, rolling, forging, casting.
Iimbonakalo:
Umxholo we-alloy ophezulu (i-cobalt iphezulu kune-nickel) iqinisekisa ukuxhathisa ubushushu obungcono, amandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunyuka kwe-corrosion.
Izinto zeqela le-S, ekunzima ukuqhubekeka, zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-aerospace, i-gas turbine kunye namashishini e-generator.
Uluhlu lubanzi, kodwa amandla okusika aphezulu ahlala ekhona.
Iimpawu zokuqhubekekisa:
- Izinto zetshiphu ezinde.
- Ulawulo lwetshiphu lunzima (iitshiphusi ezijijekileyo).
- I-engile ekhabayo engaphambili iyafuneka kwiiseramikhi kwaye i-engile ephambi kwayo iyafuneka kwi-carbide enesamente.
-Amandla okusika iyunithi:
Kwiialloyi ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu: 2400~3100 N/mm².
Kwingxubevange yetitanium: 1300~1400 N/mm².
- Amandla okusika aphezulu kunye namandla afunekayo.
Yintoni intsimbi eqinileyo?
- Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga, intsimbi eqinile yenye yezona zincinci ezincinci.
- Eli qela liqulethe i-steels ezinobushushu kunye nobunzima> 45 ukuya kwi-65HRC.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, uluhlu lobunzima beendawo ezinzima eziguqulwayo ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-55 kunye ne-68HRC.
Iintsimbi eziqiniweyo kwiQela H zisetyenziselwa amashishini ahlukeneyo, afana neshishini leemoto kunye neekontraka zayo, kunye nokwakhiwa komatshini kunye nokusebenza kwesikhunta.
Ngokuqhelekileyo i-chips eqhubekayo, ebomvu-eshushu.Lo bushushu buphezulu bunceda ukunciphisa ixabiso le-kc1, into ebalulekileyo ekuncedeni ukusombulula imingeni yesicelo.
Iimpawu zokuqhubekekisa:
- Izinto zetshiphu ezinde.
- Ulawulo lwetshiphu lulungile.
- Funa i-engile embi ngaphambili.
- Amandla okusika iyunithi: 2550 ~ 4870 N/mm².
- Amandla okusika aphezulu kunye namandla afunekayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-24-2023