Ngenxa yokuba akukho migangatho yamazwe ngamazwe echaza amabakala e-carbide okanye izicelo, abasebenzisi kufuneka bathembele kwisigwebo sabo kunye nolwazi olusisiseko ukuze baphumelele.#isiseko
Ngelixa igama le-metallurgical elithi "ibakala le-carbide" libhekisa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-tungsten carbide (WC) efakwe kwi-cobalt, eli gama linentsingiselo ebanzi kwi-machining: i-tungsten carbide enesamente edityanisiweyo kunye neengubo kunye nolunye unyango.Ngokomzekelo, izinto ezimbini zokuguqula ezenziwe kwizinto ezifanayo ze-carbide kodwa ngeengubo ezahlukeneyo okanye emva kokunyanga zibhekwa njengamabakala ahlukeneyo.Nangona kunjalo, akukho mgangatho ekuhleleni i-carbide kunye nokudibanisa ukudibanisa, ngoko ke ababoneleli bezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokusika basebenzisa ukutyunjwa okuhlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokuhlela kwiitafile zebakala.Oku kunokwenza kube nzima kumsebenzisi wokugqibela ukuthelekisa amabanga, umba okhohlisayo ngakumbi kuba ukufaneleka kwebakala le-carbide kwisicelo esinikezelweyo kunokuchaphazela kakhulu iimeko zokusika kunye nobomi besixhobo.
Ukuhamba kule maze, umsebenzisi kufuneka aqale aqonde ukuba lenziwe ngantoni ibakala le-carbide kunye nokuba into nganye iyichaphazela njani imiba eyahlukeneyo yomatshini.
Ukuxhaswa zizinto ezingenanto zokufaka ukusika okanye isixhobo esiqinileyo phantsi kweengubo kunye nasemva kokunyanga.Idla ngokuba ne-80-95% WC.Ukunika i-substrate iipropati ezifunwayo, abavelisi bezinto eziphathekayo bongeza izinto ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa kuyo.Into ephambili ye-alloying yi-cobalt (Co) - umxholo ophezulu we-cobalt ubangela ubunzima obukhulu, ngelixa umxholo ophantsi we-cobalt wandisa ubulukhuni.I-substrates enzima kakhulu inokufikelela kwi-1800 HV kwaye ibonelele ngokugqwesileyo ukuxhathisa, kodwa i-brittle kakhulu kwaye ifanelekile kuphela kwiimeko ezizinzileyo kakhulu.I-substrate enamandla kakhulu inobunzima malunga ne-1300 HV.Ezi substrates zinokuthi zitshintshwe kuphela ngesantya esisezantsi sokusika, zinxiba ngokukhawuleza, kodwa zixhathisa ukucutha okuphazamisekileyo kunye neemeko ezimbi.
Ibhalansi echanekileyo phakathi kobunzima kunye nokuqina yinto ebaluleke kakhulu xa ukhetha i-alloy yesicelo esithile.Ukukhetha ibakala elinzima kakhulu kunokubangela ukuqhekeka kwe-micro-edge okanye ukungaphumeleli kwentlekele.Ngelo xesha, amabakala anzima kakhulu aphelelwa ngokukhawuleza okanye afuna ukunciphisa isantya sokusika, okunciphisa imveliso.Uluhlu loku-1 lubonelela ngezikhokelo ezisisiseko zokukhetha i-durometer elungileyo:
Uninzi lwezixhobo zanamhlanje ze-carbide kunye nezixhobo ze-carbide zifakwe ifilimu encinci (i-3 ukuya kwi-20 microns okanye i-0.0001 ukuya kwi-intshi ye-0.0007).I-coating idla ngokuquka iileya ze-titanium nitride, i-aluminium oxide kunye ne-titanium carbonitride.Oku kugquma kwandisa ubulukhuni kwaye kudala umqobo we-thermal phakathi kwe-cutout kunye ne-substrate.
Nangona ifumene ukuthandwa kuphela kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, ukongeza unyango olongezelelweyo emva kokugquma ibe ngumgangatho weshishini.Olu nyango ludla ngokuba yi-sandblasting okanye ezinye iindlela zokupholisha ezigudisa umaleko ophezulu kunye nokunciphisa ukukhuhlana, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa ukuveliswa kobushushu.Umahluko wexabiso udla ngokuba mncinci kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi emva kokulungiswa kuyacetyiswa ukuba kukhethwe iindidi.
Ukukhetha ibakala elichanekileyo le-carbide kwisicelo esithile, bhekisa kwikhathalogu yomthengisi okanye iwebhusayithi ngemiyalelo.Nangona kungekho mgangatho usesikweni wamazwe ngamazwe, abathengisi abaninzi basebenzisa iitshathi ukuchaza uluhlu olucetyiswayo lokusebenza lwamabakala asekelwe "kwi-scope" echazwe njengendibaniselwano yoonobumba abathathu / amanani, njenge-P05-P20.
Ileta yokuqala ibonisa iqela lezinto eziphathekayo ngokwe-ISO standard.Iqela ngalinye lezinto eziphathekayo labelwe unobumba kunye nombala ohambelanayo.
Amanani amabini alandelayo amele inqanaba lobunzima obunxulumene nebakala, ukusuka ku-05 ukuya ku-45 ngokunyuka ngo-5. Izicelo eziyi-05 zifuna ibakala elinzima kakhulu elilungele iimeko ezivumayo nezizinzileyo.45 Isicelo esifuna ibakala elinzima kakhulu elilungele iimeko ezirhabaxa nezingazinzanga.
Kwakhona, akukho mgangatho wala maxabiso, ngoko ke kufuneka atolikwe njengamaxabiso ahambelanayo kwitheyibhile yohlelo avela kuyo.Umzekelo, ibakala eliphawulwe P10-P20 kwiikhathalogu ezimbini ezivela kubaboneleli abahlukeneyo linokuba nobunzima obahlukileyo.
Kwakwikhathalogu enye, ibakala eliphawulwe P10-P20 kwitheyibhile yokuguqula ibakala linokuba nobunzima obahlukileyo kunebakala eliphawulwe nge-P10-P20 kwitafile yebakala lokusila.Lo mahluko wehla kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ezifanelekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.Imisebenzi yokuguqula yenziwe kakuhle ngamabakala anzima kakhulu, kodwa xa ukugaya, iimeko ezifanelekileyo zifuna amandla athile ngenxa yendalo ephakathi.
Itheyibhile yesi-3 ibonelela ngetheyibhile yoqikelelo lweealloyi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokujika entsonkothileyo enokudweliswa kwikhathalogu yomthengisi wesixhobo sokusika.Kulo mzekelo, iklasi A inconywa kuzo zonke iimeko eziguqukayo, kodwa kungekhona ukusika okuphazamisayo okunzima, ngelixa iklasi D inconywa ukujika okunzima okuphazamisekileyo kunye nezinye iimeko ezingathandekiyo kakhulu.Izixhobo ezifana ne-MachiningDoctor.com's Grades Finder inokukhangela amabakala ngokusebenzisa le notation.
Kanye njengoko kungekho mgangatho osemthethweni womda weklasi, akukho mgangatho usemthethweni wokutyunjwa kweklasi.Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwababoneleli abaphambili be-carbide balandela izikhokelo eziqhelekileyo zokutyunjwa kwamabanga abo.Amagama “akudala” akwifomathi yoonobumba abathandathu i-BBSSNN, apho:
Le ngcaciso ingentla ichanekile kwiimeko ezininzi.Kodwa ekubeni oku kungengomgangatho we-ISO/ANSI, abanye abathengisi benza uhlengahlengiso lwabo kwinkqubo, kwaye kububulumko ukuqaphela olu tshintsho.
Amabanga adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuguquleni izicelo ngaphezu kwazo naziphi na ezinye iinkqubo.Ke ngoko, xa ubrawuza nayiphi na ikhathalogu yomthengisi, icandelo elijikayo liya kuba nolona khetho lukhulu lwamabakala.
Olu luhlu lubanzi lwamabanga aguqukayo lusisiphumo soluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi yokuguqula.Olu luhlu luvela ekusikeni okuqhubekayo (apho umgca wokusika uhlala udibanisa nomsebenzi kwaye awuchaphazeleki, kodwa uvelisa ubushushu obuninzi) ukusika ukuphazamiseka (apho iimpembelelo ezinamandla zenzeka).
Uluhlu olubanzi lwamabanga aguqukayo nawo adityaniswa nobubanzi obuhlukeneyo kwimveliso, ukusuka kwi-1/8 "(3mm) kumatshini wohlobo lwe-swiss ukuya kwi-100" yokusetyenziswa kweshishini elinzima.Ngenxa yokuba isantya sokusika sixhomekeke kububanzi, amabakala ahlukeneyo afunekayo alungiselelwe isantya esiphantsi okanye esiphezulu sokusika.
Ababoneleli abakhulu badla ngokunikezela ngamabakala ahlukeneyo kwiqela ngalinye lemathiriyeli.Amabakala kuluhlu ngalunye avela kwizinto ezinzima zokusika eziphazamisekileyo ukuya kwizinto ezinzima zokusika okuqhubekayo.
Xa kusila, uluhlu lwamabakala anikezelwayo luncinci.Ngenxa yobume bemeko yesicelo, izixhobo zokugaya zifuna amabakala anzima kunye nokumelana nempembelelo ephezulu.Ngesizathu esifanayo, iingubo kufuneka zibe zincinci, ngaphandle koko aziyi kumelana nempembelelo.
Ababoneleli abaninzi baya kusila amaqela ahlukeneyo ezinto ezineenkxaso eziqinileyo kunye neengubo ezahlukeneyo.
Xa ukwahlukana okanye ukuhlamba, ukhetho lwebakala lulinganiselwe ngenxa yezinto ezikhawulezayo zokusika.Oko kukuthi, i-diameter iba yincinci njengoko i-cut isondela embindini.Ngoko ke, isantya sokusika sincitshiswa ngokuthe ngcembe.Xa usika usiya embindini, isantya ekugqibeleni sifikelela ku-zero ekupheleni kokusikwa, kwaye umsebenzi uba sisichebi endaweni yokusikwa.
Ngaloo ndlela, umgangatho wokwahlula kufuneka uhambelane noluhlu olubanzi lwezantya zokusika, kwaye i-substrate kufuneka yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuze imelane nokucheba ekupheleni komsebenzi.
Iigrooves ezinzulu zihlukile kwezinye iindidi.Ngenxa yokufana nokujika, ababoneleli abanokhetho olubanzi lokufakela i-grooving bahlala benikezela uluhlu olubanzi lwamabakala kumaqela athile kunye neemeko.
Xa ubhobhoza, isantya sokusika kumbindi we-drill sihlala si-zero, ngelixa isantya sokusika kwi-periphery sixhomekeke kububanzi be-drill kunye nesantya sokujikeleza kwe-spindle.Amabanga alungiselelwe isantya esiphezulu sokusika akafanelekanga kwaye akufanele asetyenziswe.Uninzi lwabathengisi banikezela ngeentlobo ezimbalwa kuphela.
Iivenkile ezininzi zenza impazamo yokucinga ukuba izixhobo eziphambili ziyiplagi-kunye-zodlala.Ezi zixhobo zinokungena kwiziphatho zezixhobo ezikhoyo kwaye zide zingene kwimill yeqokobhe efanayo okanye iipokotho ezijikayo njengokufakwa kwe-carbide, kodwa kulapho ukufana kuphelela khona.
Iipowder, iinxalenye, kunye neemveliso ziindlela ezahlukeneyo iinkampani zityhala imveliso eyongezelelweyo.Izixhobo zeCarbide kunye nokusika ziindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuphumelela.
Uluhlu lwe-Ceratizit WTX-HFDS lwe-drills lugcine i-OWSI imizuzu eyi-3.5 inxalenye nganye kwimisebenzi enzima kwaye yaphelisa ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi engabalulekanga, ukwandisa inzuzo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-21-2023