Indlela yokukhetha iBanga leCarbide

Ngenxa yokuba akukho migangatho yamazwe ngamazwe echaza amabakala e-carbide okanye izicelo, abasebenzisi kufuneka bathembele kwisigwebo sabo kunye nolwazi olusisiseko ukuze baphumelele.#isiseko
Ngelixa igama le-metallurgical elithi "ibakala le-carbide" libhekiselele ngokukodwa kwi-tungsten carbide (WC) efakwe kwi-cobalt, igama elifanayo linentsingiselo ebanzi kwi-machining: i-tungsten carbide ene-cemented edibeneyo kunye neengubo kunye nolunye unyango.Ngokomzekelo, izinto ezimbini zokuguqula ezenziwe kwizinto ezifanayo ze-carbide kodwa ngeengubo ezahlukeneyo okanye emva kokunyanga zibhekwa njengamabakala ahlukeneyo.Nangona kunjalo, akukho mgangatho ekuhleleni i-carbide kunye nokudibanisa ukudibanisa, ngoko ke ababoneleli bezixhobo ezahlukeneyo basebenzisa ukutyunjwa okuhlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokuhlela kwiitafile zeklasi zabo.Oku kunokwenza kube nzima kumsebenzisi wokugqibela ukuthelekisa amabakala, eyona ngxaki inzima kakhulu inikwe ukuba ukufaneleka kwebakala le-carbide kwisicelo esinikezelweyo kunokuchaphazela kakhulu iimeko zokusika ezinokwenzeka kunye nobomi besixhobo.
Ukuhamba ngale maze, abasebenzisi kufuneka baqale baqonde ukuba yeyiphi i-carbide kunye nokuba into nganye iyichaphazela njani imiba eyahlukeneyo yomatshini.
Ukuxhaswa zizinto ezingenanto zokufaka ukusika okanye isixhobo esiqinileyo phantsi kweengubo kunye nasemva kokunyanga.Idla ngokuba ne-80-95% WC.Ukunika izinto ezisisiseko kwiipropati ezifunwayo, abavelisi bezinto eziphathekayo bongeza izinto ezahlukeneyo ze-alloying kuyo.Into ephambili ye-alloying yi-cobalt (Co).Amanqanaba aphezulu e-cobalt anika ubunzima obukhulu kwaye amanqanaba asezantsi e-cobalt anyusa ubulukhuni.I-substrates enzima kakhulu inokufikelela kwi-1800 HV kwaye ibonelele ngokugqwesileyo ukuxhathisa, kodwa i-brittle kakhulu kwaye ifanelekile kuphela kwiimeko ezizinzileyo kakhulu.I-substrate enamandla kakhulu inobunzima malunga ne-1300 HV.Ezi substrates zinokuthi zitshintshwe kuphela ngesantya esisezantsi sokusika, zinxiba ngokukhawuleza, kodwa zixhathisa ukucutha okuphazamisekileyo kunye neemeko ezimbi.
Ibhalansi echanekileyo phakathi kobunzima kunye nokuqina yinto ebaluleke kakhulu xa ukhetha i-alloy yesicelo esithile.Ukukhetha ibakala elinzima kakhulu kunokubangela ii-microcracks ecaleni komphetho wokusika okanye ukusilela okuyintlekele.Ngelo xesha, amabakala anzima kakhulu aphelelwa ngokukhawuleza okanye afuna ukunciphisa isantya sokusika, okunciphisa imveliso.Uluhlu loku-1 lubonelela ngezikhokelo ezisisiseko zokukhetha i-durometer elungileyo:
Uninzi lwezixhobo zanamhlanje ze-carbide kunye nezixhobo ze-carbide zifakwe ifilimu encinci (i-3 ukuya kwi-20 microns okanye i-0.0001 ukuya kwi-intshi ye-0.0007).I-coating idla ngokuquka i-carbon layers ye-titanium nitride, i-aluminium oxide kunye ne-titanium nitride.Oku kugquma kwandisa ubulukhuni kwaye kudala umqobo we-thermal phakathi kwe-cutout kunye ne-substrate.
Nangona ifumene ukuthandwa kuphela kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, ukongeza unyango olongezelelweyo emva kokugquma ibe ngumgangatho weshishini.Olu nyango ludla ngokuba yi-sandblasting okanye ezinye iindlela zokupholisha ezigudisa umaleko ophezulu kunye nokunciphisa ukukhuhlana, okunciphisa ukuveliswa kobushushu.Ukwahluka kwexabiso ngokuqhelekileyo kuncinci kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhethe iindidi eziphathwayo.
Ukukhetha ibakala elichanekileyo le-carbide kwisicelo esithile, bhekisa kwikhathalogu yomthengisi okanye iwebhusayithi ngemiyalelo.Nangona kungekho mgangatho usesikweni wamazwe ngamazwe, abathengisi abaninzi basebenzisa iitshathi ukuchaza iindlela zokusebenza ezicetyiswayo zamabakala asekelwe "kuluhlu lokusetyenziswa" oluchazwe njengendibaniselwano yealphanumeric yamagama amathathu, njenge-P05-P20.
Ileta yokuqala ibonisa iqela le-ISO lezinto.Iqela ngalinye lezinto eziphathekayo labelwe unobumba kunye nombala ohambelanayo.
Amanani amabini alandelayo amele ubunzima obunxulumeneyo bamabakala ukusuka ku-05 ukuya ku-45 ngokunyuka ngo-5. 05 izicelo zifuna ibakala elinzima kakhulu kwiimeko ezivumayo nezizinzileyo.45 Usetyenziso olufuna iialloyi ezomeleleyo kwiimeko ezinzima nezingazinzanga.
Kwakhona, akukho mgangatho wala maxabiso, ngoko ke kufuneka atolikwe njengamaxabiso ahambelanayo kwitheyibhile yohlelo avela kuyo.Umzekelo, amabakala aphawulwe P10-P20 kwiikhathalogu ezimbini ezivela kubaboneleli abahlukeneyo anokuba nobunzima obahlukileyo.
Ibakala eliphawulwe P10-P20 kwitafile yeklasi yokujika inokuba nobunzima obahlukileyo kunebakala eliphawulwe ngeP10-P20 kwitafile yeklasi yokusila, nakwikhathalogu efanayo.Lo mahluko uxhomekeke kwinto yokuba iimeko ezifanelekileyo ziyahluka ukusuka kwisicelo ukuya kwesinye.Imisebenzi yokuguqula yenziwe kakuhle ngamabakala anzima kakhulu, kodwa xa ukugaya, iimeko ezifanelekileyo zifuna amandla athile ngenxa yendalo ephakathi.
Itheyibhile ye-3 ibonelela ngetheyibhile ye-hypothetical of alloys kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo ekuguquleni imisebenzi yobunzima obuhlukeneyo, obunokuthi zidweliswe kwikhathalogu yomthengisi wesixhobo sokusika.Kulo mzekelo, iklasi A inconywa kuzo zonke iimeko eziguqukayo, kodwa kungekhona ukusika okuphazamisayo okunzima, ngelixa iklasi D inconywa ukujika okunzima okuphazamisekileyo kunye nezinye iimeko ezingathandekiyo kakhulu.Izixhobo ezifana ne-MachiningDoctor.com's Grades Finder inokukhangela amabakala ngokusebenzisa le notation.
Kanye njengokuba kungekho mgangatho usemthethweni wobubanzi bezitampu, akukho mgangatho usemthethweni wamagama eemveliso.Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwababoneleli abaphambili be-carbide balandela izikhokelo eziqhelekileyo zokutyunjwa kwamabanga abo.Amagama “akudala” akwifomathi yoonobumba abathandathu i-BBSSNN, apho:
Le ngcaciso ingentla ichanekile kwiimeko ezininzi.Kodwa ekubeni oku akusiyo umgangatho we-ISO / ANSI, abanye abathengisi baye benza uhlengahlengiso lwabo kwinkqubo, kwaye kuya kuba bubulumko ukuqaphela olu tshintsho.
Ngaphezu kwaso nasiphi na esinye isicelo, ii-alloys zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuguquleni imisebenzi.Ngenxa yoku, iprofayili ejikiweyo iya kuba nolona khetho lukhulu lwamabanga xa kuhlolwa nayiphi na ikhathalogu yomthengisi.
Uluhlu olubanzi lwamabakala aguqukayo lusisiphumo soluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi yokuguqula.Yonke into iwela kolu luhlu, ukusuka ekusikeni ngokuqhubekayo (apho umgca wokusika udibana rhoqo kunye ne-workpiece kwaye awufumani ukothuka, kodwa uvelisa ubushushu obuninzi) ukusika ukuphazamiseka (okwenza ukutshatyalaliswa okunamandla).
Uluhlu olubanzi lwamabakala aguqukayo nawo lugubungela inani elikhulu leemitha kwimveliso, ukusuka kwi-1/8 "(3 mm) kumatshini wohlobo lwaseSwitzerland ukuya kwi-100" yokusetyenziswa kweshishini elinzima.Ngenxa yokuba isantya sokusika sixhomekeke kububanzi, amabakala ahlukeneyo afunekayo alungiselelwe isantya esiphantsi okanye esiphezulu sokusika.
Abathengisi abakhulu badla ngokunikezela ngothotho olwahlukileyo lwamabakala kwiqela ngalinye lemathiriyeli.Kuluhlu ngalunye, amabakala avela kwizinto ezilukhuni ezifanelekileyo kumatshini ophazamisekileyo ukuya kwezo zilungele ukucwangciswa okuqhubekayo.
Xa kusila, uluhlu lwamabakala anikezelwayo luncinci.Ngenxa yobume obuphakathi kwesicelo, abasiki bafuna amabakala anzima kunye nokuqina okuphezulu.Ngesizathu esifanayo, iingubo kufuneka zibe zincinci, ngaphandle koko aziyi kumelana nempembelelo.
Ababoneleli abaninzi baya kusila amaqela ahlukeneyo ezinto ezineenkxaso eziqinileyo kunye neengubo ezahlukeneyo.
Xa ukwahlukana okanye ukuhlamba, ukhetho lwebakala lulinganiselwe ngenxa yezinto ezikhawulezayo zokusika.Oko kukuthi, i-diameter iba yincinci njengoko i-cut isondela embindini.Ngaloo ndlela, isantya sokusika sincitshiswa ngokuthe ngcembe.Xa usika usiya embindini, isantya ekugqibeleni sifikelela ku-zero ekupheleni kokusikwa, kwaye umsebenzi uba sisichebi kunokuba usike.
Ngoko ke, amabakala asetyenziselwa ukwahlukana kufuneka ahambelane noluhlu olubanzi lwezantya zokusika, kwaye i-substrate kufuneka yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuze imelane nokucheba ekupheleni komsebenzi.
Iigrooves ezinzulu zihlukile kwezinye iindidi.Ngenxa yokufana nokujika, abathengisi abanokhetho olukhulu lokufakwa kwe-grooving bahlala benikezela ngamabakala amaninzi ahlukeneyo kumaqela athile kunye neemeko.
Xa ubhobhoza, isantya sokusika kumbindi we-drill sihlala si-zero, kwaye isantya sokusika kwi-periphery sixhomekeke kububanzi be-drill kunye nesantya sokujikeleza kwe-spindle.Amabanga alungiselelwe isantya esiphezulu sokusika akafanelekanga kwaye akufanele asetyenziswe.Uninzi lwabathengisi banikezela ngeentlobo ezimbalwa kuphela.
Iipowder, iinxalenye, kunye neemveliso ziindlela ezahlukeneyo iinkampani zityhala imveliso eyongezelelweyo.I-Carbide kunye nezixhobo ziindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuphumelela.
Ukuqhubela phambili kwizinto eziphathekayo kwenze ukuba kube lula ukwenza i-ceramic end mill eyenza kakuhle kwisantya esisezantsi sokusika kwaye ikhuphisane ne-carbide end mill kwizicelo ezininzi.Ivenkile yakho inokuqalisa ukusebenzisa izixhobo zeseramic.
Iivenkile ezininzi zenza impazamo yokucinga ukuba izixhobo eziphambili ziyiplagi-kunye-zodlala.Ezi zixhobo zinokungena kubaphathi bezixhobo ezikhoyo okanye nakwi-milling efanayo okanye ukuguqula iipokotho njengokufakwa kwe-carbide, kodwa kulapho ukufana kuphelela khona.